[lit. knowledge, learning]
Biblical: philosophy: don med pa'i gtam dang rig pa'i sgo nas/ by means of hollow philosophy (1 Cor. 1:20 SV).
Bst. logic, philosophy: mtshan nyid kyi gzhung che mo/ the great books on philosophy (TRC 2), mtshan nyid grwa tshang / the college of philosophy in a monastery (TRC 3), mtshan nyid kyi dpe cha/ philosophy books (DPD).